Investment and Finance

Leveraged Recapitalization is a strategy used by the target of a hostile company takeover in which the company makes itself less desirable by borrowing a large amount of money and distributing it to its shareholders.

The Jensen index is an index that uses the capital asset pricing model to determine whether a professional money manager outperformed a market index.

The Hang Seng Index is a market value weighted index of the stock prices of the 33 largest companies on the Hong Kong market.

The Chicago Board of Trade is an exchange where grain, gold, and treasury Bond futures and options are traded. Also the Chicago Board Options Exchange is an exchange where stock options, equity LEAPS, index options, and interest rate options are traded. Also the Chicago Mercantile Exchange is an exchange where financial futures, foreign currency futures, commodity futures, and futures options are traded.

A basis point is One hundredth of a percent 0.01%. It is used to measure changes in or differences between yields or interest rates.

A American Depositary Share (ADS) is a share issued under an American Depositary Receipt agreement which is actually traded.

A credit rating is a published ranking based on detailed financial analysis by a credit bureau. It includes a person or entity's financial history as it relates to its ability to meet debt obligations. The highest or best rating is usually AAA, and the lowest or worst rating is a D. Banks use this information to decide whether to approve a loan or not. A published ranking, based on detailed financial analysis by a credit bureau, of one's financial history, specifically as it relates to one's ability to meet debt obligations. The highest rating is usually AAA, and the lowest is D. Lenders use this information to decide whether to approve a loan

A bond rating ia a measure of the quality and safety of a bond based on the issuer's financial condition. It is an evaluation from a bond rating service indicating the likelihood that a debt issuer will be able to meet scheduled interest and principal repayments. Generally, AAA is highest or best, and D is lowest or worst.

Each American Depositary Receipt (ADR)can represent one or more than one or a fraction of the underlying shares. The relationship between the American Depositary Receipt and the Ordinary share is referred to as the ratio. Many American Depositary Receipt programs are established with a 1:1 ratio meaning one underlying share equals one depositary share. Some American Depositary Receipt programs have ratios ranging from 100,000:1 to 1:100.