Investment and Finance

IRA contribution recharacterization

Asked Wednesday, July 15, 2026 by Scott

I mistakenly made a direct contribution to my Roth IRA this year (my salary now exceeds the threshold for direct contributions). Realizing the error, I re-characterized the contributions into a Traditional IRA. Can I now legally shift that contribution back into a Roth IRA using Back Door Roth IRA approach?

CPA Answer:

Yes, you can legally convert those funds back into your Roth IRA. This sequence—moving a direct contribution to a Traditional IRA and then converting it to a Roth IRA—is a standard, IRS-approved remedy often referred to as a Backdoor Roth IRA. Since you have already completed the re-characterization of your original Roth contribution plus any earnings into a Traditional IRA, the IRS now views this money as if it went into the Traditional IRA in the first place. You can execute the Roth conversion immediately, as the IRS does not require a waiting period between a re-characterization and a conversion. When you do this, you should move the entire balance from the Traditional IRA back to the Roth IRA.Your original contribution amount counts as a nondeductible basis and will not be taxed again upon conversion. However, any investment growth or earnings that occurred before the conversion will be subject to ordinary income tax. Additionally, you must watch out for the Pro-Rata Rule: if you own any other pre-tax IRAs, such as a Rollover IRA or a traditional SEP-IRA, the IRS requires you to aggregate them, meaning a portion of your conversion will be taxed proportionally based on your total pre-tax versus post-tax IRA balances. Finally, to keep everything legal and documented, you must file IRS Form 8606 with your tax return to report the nondeductible Traditional IRA contribution and the subsequent conversion. Your brokerage will also send you Forms 1099-R and 5498 next year to document these moves for your records.To ensure this transition is entirely tax-efficient, check if you have any other pre-tax IRAs or if the contribution gained any investment earnings before you re-characterized it.

Answer Provided by: personimage Adam Osiason

Health Care

HSA contribution

Asked Saturday, July 11, 2026 by Mark

I am on Medicare. My wife & son are on a High Deductible Health plan thru Coloroado Market Place with an HSA. My wife contributed the maximum allowed to her HSA at the family level for TYs 2024 & 2025. Our tax person says she can only contribute at the individual level since I'm on Medicare and therefore must withdraw excess funds from the HSA (family - indiv amts). We find nothing in IRS Publ 969 to support this. Is my wife allowed to contribute at the family level?

Quick Answer:

Yes, your wife is generally allowed to contribute at the **family level**. According to IRS Publication 969, to be an "eligible individual" for HSA contributions, you must be covered under a High Ded...

Miscellaneous

Inheritance taxes

Asked Monday, July 06, 2026 by Cynthia

Estate was finalized and will be disbursed in NJ. How much should we set aside for inheritance tax? I heard there was none, but want to confirm. Thank you

Quick Answer:

New Jersey’s tax landscape for estates is often confused because there are two separate taxes: the **Estate Tax** and the **Inheritance Tax**. 1. **Estate Tax:** You are correct that this was repeal...

Deductions and Write-Offs

Accountable Plan

Asked Thursday, July 02, 2026 by Savta

I am an S Corp Midwifery practice. I spend 96 hours a quarter training an apprentice who is from an underserved population. I do not get paid for this service. At a basic fee of $25/hour this is $2400/quarter. Can this be used on the accountable plan as out of pocket expenses?

Quick Answer:

No. Under IRS regulations, you cannot deduct the value of your own time or services as an expense, nor can it be reimbursed through an accountable plan. An accountable plan is strictly for reimbursin...

Home Ownership

Are profits gained from selling a house taxable?

Asked Monday, June 29, 2026 by Ronald

Hello. I may be selling a house soon. I am trying to figure out if the profits I get from selling the house are taxable federally and/or for my state (Massachusetts}. Thank you.

CPA Answer:

Your home sale profits are fully tax-free up to 250,000 dollars for single filers or 500,000 dollars for married couples filing jointly. This applies to both federal and Massachusetts state taxes. To qualify for this tax break, you must meet specific ownership and residence requirements set by the IRS. First, you must pass the ownership and residence tests. You need to have owned the home for at least two years out of the five years before the sale date. You also must have lived in the home as your primary residence for at least two years out of those same five years. Additionally, you cannot have used this home sale tax exclusion on another property within the past two years. Federal tax rules state that if your profit falls below the exclusion limit, you owe nothing. If your profit exceeds 250,000 dollars as a single filer or 500,000 dollars as a married couple, you only pay capital gains tax on the amount above that limit. The federal capital gains tax rate will depend on your total income. High earners may also owe an additional net investment income tax. Massachusetts state tax rules match the federal exclusion limits exactly. Profits under the thresholds are completely exempt from state income tax. Any profit that goes over the limit is taxed at the flat Massachusetts long term capital gains rate of five percent. If the taxable profit pushes your total annual income over one million dollars, the portion over that million dollar mark will face an extra four percent state surcharge.To calculate your actual taxable gain, you must determine your adjusted basis and net proceeds. Your adjusted basis is the original purchase price plus the cost of major home improvements like a new roof or kitchen remodel. Your net proceeds are the final selling price minus selling expenses like real estate agent commissions and closing costs. Your capital gain is the net proceeds minus your adjusted basis. You then subtract your exclusion limit from this capital gain to find your taxable amount. Some special exceptions and rules may apply to your situation. You might qualify for a partial, prorated exclusion if you have to sell the home early due to a job relocation, health issue, or other unforeseen circumstance. If you ever used the home as a rental property or claimed a home office deduction, you may have to pay back depreciation taxes. You will likely sign a certification at closing to show your profit is exempt, or you will receive a form 1099-S to report the sale.

Answer Provided by: personimage Adam Osiason

Personal Taxes

IRS HAS QUESTIONS RE: 2025 TAX RETURN

Asked Monday, June 29, 2026 by Carmen

IRS wants to verify my identity and obtain proof of my having filed a tax return for 2025.

Quick Answer:

Since the tax year 2025 has not yet concluded, the IRS is not currently processing 2025 individual income tax returns. Those returns are generally filed in early 2026. If you received a letter (such...

Tax Filing Tips

Can spouses living apart file taxes jointly?

Asked Saturday, June 27, 2026 by Elaine

Do spouses have to live at same residence to file joint tax return?

CPA Answer:

Spouses who are living apart can generally still file a Married Filing Jointly tax return as long as they are legally married on the last day of the tax year. Simply living in separate homes does not prevent a couple from filing jointly. Both spouses must agree to file a joint return, and each is generally responsible for the accuracy of the return and any taxes owed. In some cases, couples may choose to file separately, such as when one spouse has concerns about the other's tax reporting or when filing separately provides a better tax outcome. However, if the spouses are legally separated under a final court decree by the end of the tax year, they are generally considered unmarried for federal tax purposes and are not eligible to file a joint return.

Answer Provided by: personimage Adam Osiason

Personal Taxes

IRA RMD

Asked Friday, June 26, 2026 by Don

I have an IRA and I purchased an annuity with part of the money. I understand that the payments from the annuity can be used as part of my required RMD. How do I document this when I file tax return.

CPA Answer:

In most cases, you do not need to make any special notation on your tax return indicating that part or all of your Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) came from an IRA annuity. Instead, you simply report the IRA distributions shown on the Form 1099-R issued by your IRA custodian. If you received annuity payments from your IRA, those payments should be included on a Form 1099-R, and if you also took distributions from other IRA assets, you may receive additional Forms 1099-Rs. On your Form 1040, you report the total IRA distributions and the taxable amount as indicated. There is no separate line on the tax return to identify which distributions satisfied your RMD. It is important, however, to keep supporting documentation with your tax records, including your Form 1099-Rs, year-end IRA statements, the annuity contract information, and any RMD calculations provided by your custodian or financial advisor showing that the annuity payments counted toward your required distribution. One important exception involves Qualified Longevity Annuity Contracts (QLACs), which are subject to different RMD rules than regular IRA annuities. Likewise, if the annuity is held in a separate IRA from your other IRA assets, the method for calculating the RMD may differ.

Answer Provided by: personimage Adam Osiason

Nonresident Tax Issues

Seeking Advice on Form 5472 & Pro Forma 1120

Asked Saturday, June 20, 2026 by Finn

UK citizen, non-US resident. I formed a Wyoming single-member LLC in Sept 2025 for freelance work and obtained an EIN. The LLC has no US employees, office, bank account, or US-sourced income. All freelance income was received personally rather than through the LLC. Given these circumstances, was I required to file Form 5472 and a Pro Forma 1120 for 2025? If so, what filing obligations do I have now, and what penalties might apply for not filing?

Quick Answer:

Since the LLC was formed in September 2025, your first filing deadline would typically be April 15, 2026. Even if you received income personally, a foreign-owned single-member LLC (disregarded entity...

Personal Taxes

Taxes amount

Asked Monday, June 15, 2026 by A S M SARWAR

Will my personal income tax be combined with my business tax? I am in New York and run a business in Alabama. How much tax do I need to pay for my business? Will it be connected to my personal income tax? What will the calculation for my business tax be if it is not included?

Quick Answer:

Whether your business and personal taxes are combined depends on your business structure (Entity Type). **Pass-Through Entities (Sole Proprietorship, LLC, S-Corp, Partnership):** Your business income...