Deductions and Write-Offs

Section 280F limits the §179 expensing and depreciation deductions (including bonus depreciation) with respect to certain passenger automobiles.

For passenger automobiles placed into service after December 31, 2017 the maximum amount of allowable depreciation is increased to $10,000 for the first year;
$16,000 for the second year; $9,600 for the third year; and $5,760 for the fourth and later years. Each of these amounts will be indexed for inflation in years after 2018.

The maximum first-year bonus depreciation (which was scheduled to reduce to $6,400 in 2018 and $4,800 in 2019) will remain at $8,000.

For property placed into service after December 31, 2017, qualified leasehold improvement, qualified restaurant and qualified retail improvement property will be subject to a 15-year recovery period and straight-line depreciation.

The maximum amount of age-based long-term care premiums that can be included as deductible medical expenses for 2018 (subject to the AGI floor is $420.

If you are age 40 or younger at the end of 2018; $780 for those age 41 through 50; $1,560 for those age 51 through 60; $4,160 for those age 61 through 70; and $5,200 for those over age 70.

For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the overall itemized deduction limitation of 3% of the excess of AGI over the threshold amount (applicable to certain itemized deductions) is suspended.

The IRS standard business mileage rate for 2018 is 54.5 cents a mile
.
The rate for medical expense and moving expense for certain military personnel deductions is 18 cents a mile.

For charitable volunteers the mileage rate is unchanged at 14 cents a mile.

For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026 all miscellaneous itemized deductions that were previously subject to a 2% AGI limitation are suspended.

Among the items included in this elimination are:
All unreimbursed employee business expenses;
Union dues
Brokerage fees
All expenses related to tax return preparation;
Appraisal fees for charitable contributions;
Investment expenses.

The PATH Act permanently extended the enhanced $500,000 maximum amount of expensing available (along with the $2,000,000 phase-out threshold) under §179.

Under the new law, for property placed into service in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the maximum amount of expensing is increased to $1,000,000, and the phase-out threshold amount is increased to $2,500,000.

For tax years after 2018 these amounts will be indexed for inflation.

The combination of residential property taxes and Income or sales taxes is capped at $10,000.

Property taxes remain fully deductible for taxpayers in a business or for-profit activity, so taxes paid on rental realty can be taken in full on Schedule E.

For tax years beginning after December 31, 2016 and before January 1, 2019, medical expenses, for all taxpayers, are deductible to the extent that they exceed 7.5% of AGI.

In addition, the AMT preference related to medical expenses is eliminated.

The Act increases the base standard deduction from the inflation adjusted levels that applied in 2017 to:

$12,000 for Single, Qualifying widower and Married filing separately taxpayers.

$24,000 for married taxpayers filing Joint returns,

$18,000 for taxpayers filing as Head of Household.

The additional standard deduction available to taxpayers who are age 65 or older and or blind remain unchanged.
For 2018 the additional amount is $1,300 for married taxpayers and $1,600 for unmarried taxpayers.