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If you can’t afford health insurance, subsidies are provided. The Affordable Care Act is designed to provide a subsidy or tax credit to low and middle income individuals so they can afford to buy health insurance. People who purchase insurance through an exchange may be eligible for the Premium Assistance Credit.
The credit is refundable and payable in advance directly to the health insurer. The individual will then pay the difference between the total premium and the credit. For employed individuals, the premiums can be made through payroll deductions. Direct subsidies are also available.

1- Health Insurance Marketplace referred to as a health exchange. it began in 2014, this program helps a person find health insurance that fits their budget. The exchange is run by the state or federal government and it results in a private insurance policy.
2- Job-based coverage is when employer offers health insurance coverage. You may be eligible to receive it, including your spouse or dependents. Employers may decline coverage for certain reasons such as for part-time workers, but not for health related reasons.
3- Medicaid: Each state offers Medicaid for lower income people or for the elderly or people with disabilities.
4- Private policy: these health plans will cost the same whether acquired directly or through an insurance exchange. Subsidies will apply only if you are using an insurance exchange.

Individuals will need to carry health insurance beginning in 2014 unless they meet an exception: Exemptions will be granted for: Individuals with income below the tax filing threshold ($9,750 single; $19,500 married filing joint), Individuals whose lowest cost plan option exceeds 8% of household income, those claiming financial hardship or claiming religious objections.
Individuals without coverage for less than 3 months and Aliens not lawfully present in the United States or American Indians or Incarcerated individuals.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) also referred to "Obamacare" is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.
On June 28, 2012, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act.
However, the Supreme Court held that states cannot be forced to participate in the Affordable Care Acts Medicaid expansion under penalty of losing their current Medicaid funding.
The Affordable Care Act includes a number of provisions that take effect between 2010 and 2020. Policies issued before 2010 are exempted by a grandfather clause from many of the changes to insurance standards, but they are affected by other provisions which take effect by January 1, 2014.

Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program can not refuse to cover you or charge you more because of a health condition.

No. Starting in 2014, health insurance plans can't refuse to cover you or charge you more just because you have a pre-existing health condition.
Starting in 2014, being sick won't keep you from getting health coverage. An insurance company can't turn you down or charge you more because of your condition. Once you have insurance, the plan can't refuse to cover treatment for pre-existing conditions. Coverage for your pre-existing conditions begins immediately.
This is true even if you have been turned down or refused coverage due to a pre-existing condition in the past.
The only exception is for grandfathered individual health insurance plans -- the kind you buy yourself, not through an employer. They do not have to cover pre-existing conditions. If you have one of these plans you can switch to a Marketplace plan during open enrollment and immediately get coverage for your pre-existing conditions.

Go to https://www.healthcare.gov/

For more information on the Affordable Care Act provided by the IRS go to: http://www.irs.gov/uac/Affordable-Care-Act-Tax-Provisions-Home

For more info on the Affordable Care Act and other labor resources go to: https://www.dol.gov/ebsa/faqs/main.html

Beginning in 2018, there will be a 40 percent excise tax levied on insurance companies when insurance premiums exceed certain amounts. This new tax won’t be levied on the employer unless they provide self-funded plans. The tax applies to the extent that yearly premiums exceed $10,200 for single coverage and $27,500 for family coverage.