Ask a CPA

Yes. The amount of the penalty on early withdrawal from your savings certificate is listed as an adjustment to income on Form 1040 line 30.

Interest earned on U.S. Treasury bonds is fully taxable for Federal purposes and reportable on IRS Schedule B, but not subject to state or local income taxes.

Generally There is no federal tax due on interest on bonds from states, cities, counties, possessions of the U.S. or the District of Columbia.
Generally, these same items have to be added back as income on the state return subject to state tax.

No. Your receipt of stock under a stock split in not a taxable transaction. When you eventually sell any of the stock , it is then a taxable transaction. It will be reported on IRS Schedule D.

Original Issue Discount (OID) occurs when a long-term debt instrument is issued at a price that is lower than its stated redemption value. OID is the difference between the stated redemption price at maturity and the issue price of a debt instrument.
OID interest usually is found in debt instruments of bonds or notes. Generally, a 1099-OID slip is issued with the taxable amount included.
OID interest is reportable on IRS Schedule B. There are certain exceptions to the OID requirements, as well as situations when the OID slip may be ignored.
Speak to your local CPA or check IRS publication 1212 about the reporting of the 1099-OID on your tax return.

Interest earned on zero coupon bonds is treated as original issue discount (OID) and is taxed every year owned.
You will receive a 1099-OID slip reporting the taxable amount that is reportable on IRS Schedule B.

Yes. Dividend reinvestment plans let you use dividends to buy more shares of stock in a corporation instead of receiving the dividends in cash. If you are a member of this type of plan and use dividends to buy more stock at a price equal to its fair market value, you must report the dividend as income on IRS Schedule B.

You are allowed to offset capital "gains" with capital "losses".
If you have capital gains equal to or greater than the stock loss, then the current year stock loss is fully deductible.
If you have no other capital gains or the loss exceeds the capital gains, then the current year stock loss is limited to the lessor amount of the loss that exceeds the gain or $3,000 (1,500 if your filing as married filing separate status).
If the loss is limited in the current year, then you may carry over the unused limited amount into future years until it is completely used up.

Yes. If two-thirds of your gross income is generated from farming, a estimated general rule exception exists. If you file your return and pay the entire tax due on or before March 1st, then you are not required to pre-pay amounts with estimates.

Generally not. A housing allowance paid to you as part of your salary is not income if you use it in the year received to provide a home or to pay utilities for a home that you are provided.
The excluded amount must be considered reasonable compensation. Other criteria and provisions may apply. Speak to your local CPA for more details.