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You may be eligible to claim the premium tax credit on your 2016 tax credit if you, your spouse, or a dependent enrolled in health insurance through a Health Insurance Marketplace and your household income falls within specific criteria.
The credit provides financial assistance to pay the premiums by reducing the amount you owe or increasing your refund amount.
If the marketplace overestimated your income when they calculated your advance payment then you will probably receive a refund. If the marketplace underestimated your income then you will have to repay a portion of the advance payment. The premium tax credit will be reported on IRS Form 8962. Both the credit or additional tax due transfer to Form 1040.

If you do not have health insurance coverage for all 12 months in 2016 you may have to make a penalty payment with your tax return unless certain other conditions exist.
Individuals for whom coverage is too expensive are exempt from the penalty payment. Also individuals may qualify for a coverage exemption. A coverage exemption can be granted from your marketplace or you may qualify for a coverage exemption based on your household income or gross income being below certain threshold amounts.
Individuals may also qualify for certain hardship coverage exemptions based on their family circumstances. The Shared Responsibility Penalty Payment will be reported on Form 1040, line 61. The coverage exemptions being claimed are reported on new IRS Form 8965.

If the marketplace underestimated your income when calculating your advance payment and you do not claim any health coverage exemptions then you will probably have to repay a portion of the advance payment. The premium tax credit will be reported on new IRS Form 8962.
Other factors that can cause a penalty calculation is that you received a advanced payment and your filing status is married filing separately or as a dependent of another or your household income is above or below certain limits.

If you or a family member enrolled in health insurance coverage through a health insurance marketplace, the marketplace must issue a Form 1095-A.
This form provides the required information on a monthly or annual basis to complete IRS Form 8962.
Form 8962 is used to calculate a Premium Tax Credit or a Repayment on your current year's tax return.
The marketplace has also reported this information to the IRS.

In 2016, the AGI phase-out range for taxpayers making contributions to a Roth IRA is $184,000 to $194,000 for married couples filing jointly, up from $183,000 to $193,000 in 2015.
For singles and heads of household, the income phase-out range is $117,000 to $132,000, up from $116,000 to $131,000.
For a married individual filing a separate return, the phase-out range is not subject to an annual cost-of-living adjustment and remains $0 to $10,000.
In 2015, the AGI phase-out range for taxpayers making contributions to a Roth IRA is $183,000 to $193,000 for married couples filing jointly, up from $181,000 to $191,000 in 2014.
For singles and heads of household, the income phase-out range is $116,000 to $131,000, up from $114,000 to $129,000.
For a married individual filing a separate return, the phase-out range is not subject to an annual cost-of-living adjustment and remains $0 to $10,000.

The limit on annual contributions to an Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) remains unchanged at $5,500. The additional catch-up contribution limit for individuals aged 50 and over is $1,000 for a maximum amount of $6,500.

Effective January 1, 2016, the limitation on the annual benefit under a defined benefit plan under Section 415(b)(1)(A) remains at $210,000.
For a participant who separated from service before January 1, 2016, the limitation for defined benefit plans under Section 415(b)(1)(B) is computed by multiplying the participant's compensation limitation, as adjusted through 2015, by 1.0011.

In 2016, the dollar amount under Section 430(c)(7)(D)(i)(II) used to determine excess employee compensation with respect to a single-employer defined benefit pension plan for which the special election under Section 430(c)(2)(D) has been made is increased from $1,101.000 to $1,106,000..

The limitation for defined contribution plans under Section 415(c)(1)(A) remains unchanged at $53,000.
The limitation for defined contribution plans under Section 415(c)(1)(A) is increased in 2015 from $52,000 to $53,000.

The adjusted gross income limitation under Section 25B(b)(1)(A) for determining the retirement savings contribution credit for married taxpayers filing a joint return is increased from $36,000 to $36,500; the limitation under Section 25B(b)(1)(B) is increased from $39,000 to $39,500; and the limitation under Sections 25B(b)(1)(C) and 25B(b)(1)(D) is increased from $60,000 to $61,000.