Ask a CPA

Payment for service outside a designated combat zone is not excluded from income unless the pay is hostile fire/imminent danger pay for serving an area in direct support of military operations in the combat zone. The Department of Defense certifies areas that meet these requirements. Hostile fire/imminent danger pay received for service in a non-certified area is taxable. Generally, hostile fire/imminent danger pay is included on Forms W-2 for persons who do not qualify for the exclusion and not included on Forms W-2 for persons who do qualify for the exclusion.

Yes. Military pay received by enlisted personnel who are hospitalized as a result of injuries sustained while serving in a combat zone is excluded from gross income for the period of hospitalization, subject to the 2-year limitation provided below. Commissioned officers have a similar exclusion, limited to the maximum enlisted pay amount per month. These exclusions from gross income for hospitalized enlisted personnel and commissioned officers end 2 years after the date of termination of the combat zone.

Yes. The combat zone includes the airspace over it, so you are serving in the combat zone. See Q&A-2 above for a discussion of the amount of your military pay that is excluded.

Yes, if you serve in a combat zone as an enlisted person or as a warrant officer (including commissioned warrant officers) for any part of a month, all your military pay received for military service that month is excluded from gross income. For commissioned officers, the monthly exclusion is capped at the highest enlisted pay, plus any hostile fire or imminent danger pay received.

Some advantages are: you have limited liability; there are easy ways to transfer ownership; there is a perpetual life and the corporation has the ability to raise capital through the issuance of stock. Some disadvantages include: there is a double taxation of profits; the entity is subject to various state and federal restrictions; and a corporate charter may restrict the types of business activities. Speak to your local CPA to determine the best entity choice to fit your needs.

Simply stated, a S Corporation is taxed in the same manner as a partnership and is not taxed at the federal level. The income or losses and expenses flow through to the shareholders. A "C" Corporation pays tax on its profits, and if the owner shareholders take profits from the corporation, the distributions take the form of taxable dividends. In effect, this is a double taxation of profits. There are advantages and disadvantages to both S Corporations and Regular C Corporations. Speak to your local CPA about the tax strategies of selecting the type of entity for your business.

An advantage is that it is a way to combine the financial abilities and skills of several different people. Some disadvantages are that the general partners are liable for the actions of the other partners and a partnership is not that easy to get out of. Speak to your local CPA about selecting the best entity for your purposes.

Some advantages are that it avoids certain S corporation restrictions. It also avoids double taxation of profits.
Some disadvantages are that it is currently considered a relatively new business entity with little case law or regulatory law currently available.
There is inconsistent treatment from state to state. The entity must have at least 2 owners.
Speak to your local CPA about determining the best entity choice to fit your needs

The account balance of all your husband's IRA's at the time of death is included in the gross estate.

A limited liability company, like a corporation, is set up and created under state law. Its owners are referred to as members. The entity gives its members the best of both worlds - Corporate liability protection with the advantages of partnership taxation. Forming a limited liability company is more expensive than forming a corporation and may not be necessary for your situation. Speak to your local CPA in detail to determine if forming or changing your entity status to a limited liability company is the correct choice for you.