Buying & Selling a Business

Operating Income divided by Net Sales = ROROS Ratio. This ratio illustrates how much net profit was derived from every dollar of sales. It helps indicate if the business is generating enough sales to cover fixed costs and leave an acceptable residual profit.

The Net Profit Margin measures the percentage of each sales dollar remaining after all expenses including taxes have been deducted. The higher the business's net profit margin the better. "Good" net profit margins differ considerable across industries. Net profits after taxes divided by Sales = Net Profit Margin.

The Gross Profit Margin measures the percentage of each sales dollar remaining after the business has paid for its goods. The higher the gross profit margin the better and the lower the relative cost of merchandise sold. Sales minus cost of goods sold divided by sales = Gross Profit Margin.

The P/E Ratio reflects the amount investors are willing to pay for each dollar of the business's earnings. The higher the P/E Ratio, the greater the investors confidence in the firm. The P/E ratio represents the "multiple" that the stock market places on the earnings of a company. Market price per share of common stock divided by Earnings per share of common stock = P/E Ratio.

This ratio illustrates the average number of days it takes to collect cash from the business's credit sales. Accounts Receivable divided by (Annual Sales divided by 365). The Average Collection Period is meaningful only in relation to the business's credit terms.

The gross profit on inventory is divided by the average profit of the inventory. Low end items may be marked up 500% while a high end is only 30%. Usethe average profit across all inventory items. If the average is 10, that means for every dollar you invested, you earned $10 more in profit.

Why are you selling your business? How many years have you been in business? How many years have you been in business at the present location? Did you create the business or did you buy the business from someone else? Do you have a formal sales agreement prepared that I could have my lawyer look at? Are you a sole proprietorship, partnership or S or C corporation? Do you have tax returns and financial statements that my local CPA can look at? Which bank do you do business with? What types of insurance must your business carry? How many hours did you work per week in your business? How many employees do you have? Do family members work in your business? Will the family members stay after the sale? What type of entity are you? Are you willing to take a note and be paid over time instead of all at once? Will you stay and work for a while after the business is sold? How is inventory controlled? How often do you take a physical inventory?

Does the franchise give you an exclusive territory for the length of the franchise period, or can the franchiser sell other franchises in your territory? Under what circumstances can you end the franchise contract, and at what costs to you? How many years has the firm offering you the franchise been in operation? If you sell your franchise, will you be compensated for your goodwill or will it be lost to you? Does the company offering you this franchise have a reputation for honesty and fair dealing among its franchisees? Has the franchiser shown you any certified figures indicating exact net profits of one or more of its members, and have you personally checked the figures with these people? Will the franchiser assist you with: a) A management training program? b) An employee training program? c) A public relations and advertising program? d) Capital? e) Credit? f) Merchandising ideas? If needed, will the franchiser assist you in finding a suitable location? Is the franchising firm adequately financed so that it can carry out its stated plans? Does the franchiser have experienced management, trained in depth? What can the franchiser do for you that you cannot do for yourself? Has the franchiser investigated you carefully enough to assure itself that you can successfully operate at a profit to both of you? Does your state have a law regulating the sale of franchises, and has the franchiser complied with that law to your satisfaction? How much equity capital will you need to purchase the franchise and operate it until your income equals your expenses?

The cash flow statement provides a summary of the firm's operating, investment and financing cash flows and reconciles them with changes in its cash and marketable securities during the period of concern. The cash flow statement is sometimes called a source and use statement. This statement will reveal whether or not the cash generated by the business is enough to pay the principle and interest on the financing required to buy the business.